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By: Q. Karlen, M.B. B.CH. B.A.O., M.B.B.Ch., Ph.D.
Deputy Director, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Prior Cost Estimates Several prior studies have projected the medical costs associated with the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Bilmes medicine youtube purchase phenytoin 100mg free shipping, 2007; Goldberg medications enlarged prostate purchase phenytoin 100 mg, 2007; Bilmes and Stiglitz symptoms dehydration buy generic phenytoin line, 2006; Wall sten and Kosec, 2005). In general, these studies have used a standard accounting framework to project these costs. This methodology typically involves taking an aver age cost per veteran for each cost component. For example, some have focused on the costs that accrue to the federal government (Bilmes, 2007; Goldberg, 2007), while others have taken a societal perspective and included costs such as the loss in future productivity from injury-related disability (Bilmes and Stiglitz, 2006; Wallsten and Kosec, 2005). In addition, some include costs from Afghanistan and Iraq (Bilmes, 2007), while others focus solely on Iraq (Wallsten and Kosec, 2005; Bilmes and Stiglitz, 2006; Goldberg, 2007). Given these dierences, the esti mates from these studies can be dicult to compare. The rst estimate of the medical costs of the war in Iraq was generated by Wallsten and Kosec (2005). This study took a societal perspective and estimated the lifetime costs associated with lives lost ($14 billion) and injuries incurred ($18. A primary limitation of this estimate is that it does not include any costs associated with deployment-related mental health problems and thus may understate the true medical costs. Bilmes and Stiglitz (2006) generate an estimate of the governmental costs of the war in Iraq through 2015 of between $700 billion and $1. To provide another perspective, Bilmes and Stiglitz (2006) make several adjustments to the estimate of governmental costs to provide an estimate of the societal costs of the war. Teir societal estimate accounts for additional costs that accrue to parties other than the federal government, such as the loss in productiv ity associated with injury-related disabilities or premature death. Including such costs adds another $105 to $167 billion to the total cost estimates. Disability and survivor benets are estimated to con tribute an additional $3 to $4 billion over the same time period. Tere are a number of similarities and dierences between the methodology used in this report and those employed in prior studies. For example, like Wallsten and Kosec (2005), we take a societal perspective and consider costs that accrue to all poten tial payers, including the government, individuals, employers, and private health insur ers. However, unlike Wallsten and Kosec, we focus our examination of societal costs on those costs incurred by the United States and its citizens and consider costs over a much shorter time frame. With the micro simulation model, we follow each modeled individual over time, accounting for the eects of a mental health condition and treatment trajectories on productivity and sui cide. We can then model alternative policy scenarios, such as an increase in the fraction of veterans receiving evidence-based treatment, and reevaluate costs after accounting for such changes. Standard accounting methodologies, in contrast, typically project future costs in a relatively stable policy environment. Tese are appropriately considered societal costs because they represent new expenditures or losses that would not have been incurred, or that could have been used for other purposes, in the absence of combat-related mental health injuries. For example, we do not include disability payments in our calculations because they are intended to replace lost wages, which are already included in our model. The Cost of Post-Deployment Mental Health and Cognitive Conditions 175 Finally, the time frame for our analyses is dierent from that of prior studies. We limit our model time horizon to two years because we do not have enough information to break down costs by type of service or to parameterize the course of remission and relapse from mental health conditions over a longer time frame. Other studies of the medical costs of the conicts in Afghanistan and Iraq have been able to analyze a longer time frame because they have explored average costs per patient across a wide range of conditions and projected this number over time, adjusting for expected number of patients, ination, and other factors. Our survey of returning servicemembers and veterans (Chapter Four) found similar results, with 13.
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If you fnd that it is having an effect on your self-esteem treatment urinary tract infection purchase 100 mg phenytoin mastercard, please seek help through support groups treatment for scabies purchase genuine phenytoin online, counseling treatment refractory buy phenytoin with a mastercard, etc. Talk to the doctor about medication to address physical problems that get in the way of intimacy. Physical recovery (spontaneous healing of the brain) usually occurs in the frst few years after the injury, depending on many factors. There are members of the health care team who will see you both through the recovery process and can guide you. In addition, some people fnd that it is helpful to talk with others who are sharing some of the same experiences. Englewood, Colorado 80113 Project Director: Gale Whiteneck, PhD 303-789-8204 or e-mail: gale@craig-hospital. Superior St Chicago, Il 60611 312-238-4087 Michigan Southeastern Michigan Traumatic Brain Injury System. It also suggests ways to take care of yourself while caring for your family member. They can and will help you during the hospital stay, during recovery, and when your service member/veteran comes home. Respite care and day care programs are valuable resources to you and your service member/veteran. A caregiver like you can help your service member/veteran recover as fully as possible. Take good care of yourself while caring for your member/veteran service member/veteran. Your job is to actively follow the treatment plan and offer guidance and help to your injured family member. I know that everybody has moments and walls or the black day that you feel is the end of the world. Health care providers and other professionals are there to help you every step of the way. Every time Jason gets a new medication, they give you a medication list that tells you the side effects and all of that.
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